Table of Contents
Symptoms and effects of endometriosis
Causes and risk factors
Diagnosis and treatment
Jakarta, goldensamoyed Indonesia
—
Endometriosis
is
disease
which is often experienced
female
and is associated with severe menstrual pain and fertility problems.This condition occurs due to abnormal growth of lining tissue in the uterus or endometrium that grows outside the uterus.
Eka Hospital PIK Hospital Specialist Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Hardi Susanto, explained that endometrial tissue can be found in various organs of the body, such as the ovaries, intestines, bladder and abdominal cavity.In fact, in certain cases, this tissue can spread to the umbilicus, lungs and brain.
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“Endometriosis is also a disease related to the hormone estrogen, which is a natural hormone produced by the female body during the fertile period,” said Hardi in a media meeting held by Eka Hospital in Jakarta, Tuesday (17/12).
Therefore, endometriosis complaints are generally related to the menstrual cycle, come and go, and can decrease or disappear when the sufferer enters menopause.
Symptoms and effects of endometriosis
Hardi said the main symptom of endometriosis is severe menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea, especially in the pelvic area.Pain can be felt before, during, or after menstruation and often does not improve with regular pain relievers.
Apart from menstrual pain, endometriosis sufferers can also experience:
• Pain when defecating or urinating
• Pain during intercourse
• Excessive menstrual bleeding
• Shorter menstrual cycle
• Flatulence, nausea and vomiting
• Prolonged feeling of tiredness
In some women, endometriosis does not cause clear symptoms and is only detected when they are having difficulty getting pregnant.One of the biggest complications of endometriosis is fertility problems or infertility.
Causes and risk factors
Until now, the exact cause of endometriosis is not known.However, there are several theories associated with the occurrence of this disease, one of which is the theory of retrograde menstruation.
Retrograde menstruation is a condition when menstrual blood flows back through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity.Apart from that, there is also a theory of immune system disorders that allow endometrial tissue to grow outside the uterus.Apart from that, genetic factors or family history are also thought to be one of the risks of this disease.
Other risk factors often associated with endometriosis include:
• Early first menstruation
• Short menstrual cycle
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Delay in having children
• Abnormalities in the reproductive organs, such as the vagina, cervix, or uterus
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis of endometriosis is made through anamnesis or medical interview regarding symptoms and medical history, followed by a physical examination.
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor can carry out supporting examinations in the form of ultrasound or transvaginal ultrasound, MRI, diagnostic laparoscopy, and laboratory tests if necessary.
Treatment for endometriosis can take the form of medical therapy or surgery.Medical therapy is generally long-term and includes the use of non-steroidal pain relievers, hormonal drugs such as progestins or their derivatives, contraceptive pills, GnRH agonists, and the use of IUDs containing hormones.
Meanwhile, surgical procedures can be performed via laparoscopic surgery or open surgery.In certain conditions, treatment can also involve removing the uterus.
Therefore, women who experience severe menstrual pain, chronic pelvic pain, or difficulty getting pregnant are advised to immediately consult a specialist obstetrician and gynecologist to get the right diagnosis and treatment.
(nga/tis)
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