Table of Contents
Symptoms and Impact of Kidney Stones
The following are six main factors that often trigger the formation of kidney stones:
1. High Urine Calcium (Hypercalciuria)
2. Excessive Oxalate
3. Low Citrate
4. High Uric Acid and Animal Protein
5. High Salt and Lack of Dietary Calcium
6. Disease, Genetics, and Medicine
Jakarta, goldensamoyed Indonesia
—
The general assumption is that
kidney stones
caused solely by a lack of fluid intake is denied by nephrologists.This medical condition turns out to be much more complex, involving the interaction of various internal and external factors of the body.
Nephrologist Dr.Arjun Sabharwal explained that the risk of forming kidney stones does not only come from dehydration.
Various large studies published in leading medical journals, such as
New England Journal of Medicine
and
Nature Reviews Nephrology,
confirmed that kidney stones are triggered by many elements working together.
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“Kidney stones can form due to a combination of metabolic factors, diet, genetics, and certain diseases, and often require a complete examination to find the main cause,” said Dr.Sabharwal, quoted from
India Times
, Monday (8/12).
Dr.Sabharwal emphasized that although not drinking enough does increase the risk, cases of recurrent kidney stones almost always require a thorough metabolic evaluation, including a 24-hour urine test, to identify the true cause.
“If stones keep appearing, don’t just increase water consumption. Know the type of stone and look for the root of the problem,” he stressed.
Symptoms and Impact of Kidney Stones
Kidney stones can trigger severe pain in the back or waist, accompanied by nausea, and even blood in the urine (hematuria) when urine flow is obstructed.
If left untreated, this condition can permanently disrupt kidney function and reduce quality of life.
The following are six main factors that often trigger the formation of kidney stones:
1. High Urine Calcium (Hypercalciuria)
This condition is experienced by 30-60% of kidney stone sufferers.Occurs when the kidneys remove too much calcium or the intestines absorb too much calcium from food.This excess calcium forms crystals that develop into stones.Thiazide therapy is often used to reduce it.
2. Excessive Oxalate
Oxalate which comes from high levels of foods such as spinach, nuts, chocolate, and vitamin C supplements, can bind with calcium, forming calcium oxalate stones – the most common type of stone.Intestinal problems can also worsen oxalate absorption.
3. Low Citrate
Citrate is a natural substance that functions as an inhibitor of crystal formation.Citrate deficiency can occur due to excessive consumption of animal protein, chronic diarrhea, potassium deficiency, or infection, which is closely related to stone recurrence.
4. High Uric Acid and Animal Protein
High uric acid triggers 5-10% of cases of gout stones, which are often associated with excessive consumption of red meat or seafood.This risk increases in people with obesity, diabetes and gout.
5. High Salt and Lack of Dietary Calcium
Excessive sodium (salt) intake forces the kidneys to remove more calcium.On the other hand, a lack of calcium from food makes oxalate more easily absorbed in the intestines.Experts recommend calcium intake of 1,000-1,200 mg from food, not supplements.
6. Disease, Genetics, and Medicine
Medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, thyroid disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and recurrent urinary tract infections can change the composition of urine.Genetic factors and family history are also significant.Long-term use of certain medications (such as diuretics, migraine medications, or calcium antacids) may increase the risk.
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